by M. R. Grasselli, Anais do Congresso Internacional de História e Educação Matemática, Braga, Portugal, 74--83, 1996.
We argue that abstract and general reasoning was already present in the mathematical activities of the Babylonians long before it appeared in Greece. We discuss the adoption of a positional number system, the sexagesimal fractions, the lists of problems and methods of solutions and several other examples from their mathematical cuneiform texts in order to conclude that they were not as utilitarian as it is generally believed for sciences practiced before the ancient Greeks.